Kuti agwiritse ntchito mosavuta, ma polymeric monomers nthawi zambiri amagawidwa m'magulu atatu: hard monomers, soft monomers and functional monomers.Methyl methacrylate (MMA), styrene (ST), ndi acrylic eye (AN) ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi ma monomers olimba, pomwe ethyl acrylate (EA), butyl acrylate (BA), ndi isooctyl acrylate (2-EHA) ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. ntchito zofewa monomers.
Long-chain acrylic acid ndi methacrylic esters (monga lauryl ndi octadecyl esters) ali ndi kukana mowa bwino komanso kukana madzi.
Ma monomers ogwira ntchito ndi ma acrylates ndi methacrylates okhala ndi magulu a hydroxyl, ndipo ma monomer okhala ndi magulu a carboxyl ndi acrylic acid ndi methacrylic acid.Kuyambitsa magulu a hydroxyl kungapereke magulu ogwira ntchito azitsulo zosungunulira zosungunulira ndi polyurethane machiritso ndi ma amino resins kuti agwirizane.Ma monomers ena ogwira ntchito ndi awa: acrylamide (AAM), hydroxymethylacrylamide (NMA), diacetone acrylamide (DAAM) ndi ethyl acetoacetate methacrylate (AAEM), glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA), vinyl siloxanes,vinylsithoethon vinylsilane (2-methoxyethoxy) silane, vinyl triisopropoxy silane, γ-methyl propionyloxypropyl trimethoxysilane, γ-methyl propionyloxypropyl tri(β-trimethoxyethoxy silane) monomer, ndi zina zotero. , osati mochuluka, mwinamwake zingakhudze kukhazikika kosungirako kwa utomoni kapena utoto Vinyl triisopropoxysilane monoma chifukwa cha isopropyl site-blocking kwenikweni, Si-O chomangira hydrolysis pang'onopang'ono, kuchuluka akhoza ziwonjezeke kwa 10% mu emulsion polymerization, amene amathandiza Kuwongolera kukana kwamadzi kwa emulsions, nyengo ndi zinthu zina, koma mtengo wake ndi wapamwamba kwambiri. , madzi evaporation akhoza kukhala mu macromolecular unyolo mlatho pakati pa mapangidwe mtanda zolumikizidwa filimu.
Carboxyl monoma yokhala ndi acrylic acid ndi methacrylic acid, kuyambitsa kwamagulu a carboxyl kumatha kusintha utomoni wamtundu, kunyowa kwamadzi ndi kumamatira ku gawo lapansi, ndipo ndi gulu la epoxy limakhala ndi reactivity, kuchiritsa kwa utomoni wa amino kumakhala ndi ntchito yothandiza.Zomwe zili mu carboxyl mu utomoni zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri acid value (AV), ndiko kuti, kuchuluka kwa ma milligrams a KOH ofunikira kuti achepetse 1g resin, unit mgKOH/g (solid resin), control AV general pafupifupi 10mgKOH/g (solid). utomoni), dongosolo la polyurethane, AV kutsika pang'ono, utomoni wa amino wokhala ndi AV ukhoza kukhala wokulirapo, kulimbikitsa kulumikizana.
Mukamapanga utomoni wa hydroxy acrylic, mtundu ndi kuchuluka kwa hydroxyl monomer zimakhudza kwambiri ntchito ya utomoni.The hydroxy acrylic asidi chigawo chimodzi cha zigawo ziwiri polyurethane dongosolo ambiri ntchito monga pulayimale hydroxyl monoma: hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) kapena hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA);gawo la hydroxy acrylic acid la utoto wophika amino limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati sekondale hydroxyl monomer: acrylic acid-β-hydroxypropyl ester (HPA) kapena methacrylic acid-β-hydroxypropyl ester (HPMA).Ntchito ya monomer ndi yayikulu, ndipo utomoni wa hydroxypropyl wopangidwa ndi iyo umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo la hydroxyl la lacquer yophika amino, yomwe imakhudza kusungidwa kwa lacquer, imatha.
kusankha yachiwiri hydroxypropyl monoma.M'zaka zaposachedwa, pali ma hydroxyl monomers atsopano, monga acrylic acid kapena hydroxybutyl methacrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate ndi ε-caprolactone kuwonjezera (1:1 kapena 1:2 mol ratio, Dow Chem Company).Ma resins opangidwa ndi kuwonjezera kwa hydroxyethyl methacrylate ndi ε-caprolactone amakhala ndi mamasukidwe otsika, ndipo kulimba kwabwino komanso kusinthasintha kumatha kutheka.Kuphatikiza apo, kukhazikitsidwa kwa magulu a hydroxyl kumapeto kwa unyolo wa macromolecular ndi othandizira amtundu wa hydroxyl (monga mercaptoethanol, mercaptopropanol, ndi 2-hydroxyethyl mercaptopropionate) kumathandizira kugawa kwamagulu a hydroxyl, kumawonjezera kuuma, ndikuchepetsa maselo. kugawa kulemera, kuchepetsa kukhuthala kwa dongosolo.
Kuwongolera kukana kwa ethanol kuyambitsa styrene, acrylate ndi methacrylic acid patsogolo alkyl esters kuti achepetse zomwe zili mugulu la ester.Zonsezi zikhoza kuganiziridwa kuti zimagwirizana ndi nyengo komanso kukana kwa ethanol.Ma methacrylic acid apamwamba alkyl esters ndi lauryl methacrylate, octadecyl methacrylate, ndi zina zambiri, ma monomers awa amadalira kwambiri kutulutsa kunja.
C utomoni zokutira nthawi zambiri copolymers, ndi copolymerization ntchito yawo ayenera kuganizira posankha monomers.Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana a monomer, ntchito ya copolymerization ndi yosiyana, kapangidwe ka copolymer yokhala ndi zosakaniza za monomer nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosiyana, za binary, terpolymerization, zimatha kulumikizidwa kudzera mu equation ya copolymer.Kwa ma copolymers osiyanasiyana, palibe equation yabwino yolumikizirana yomwe ilipo, pokhapokha kudzera mu maphunziro oyesera, kusanthula kwapadera kwa zovuta zinazake.M'zochita, monomer osakaniza "njala" kudyetsa njira (ie monomer kudya mlingo
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Ngati palibe mtengo wa polymerization mlingo, ndi Q ndi E mtengo wa monoma angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuwerengetsa mlingo polymerization, kapena mwachindunji ntchito Q ndi E kungoti kupenda ntchito copolymerization, ambiri copolymerization monoma Q mtengo sangakhale osiyana kwambiri, mwinamwake n'zovuta kuti copolymerize;pamene mtengo wa e ndi wosiyana, ndizosavuta kusinthana ndi copolymerization, zina zovuta kuphatikizira monoma powonjezera mtengo wapakatikati wa Q wa monoma, zitha kusintha magwiridwe antchito a copolymerization.
Kusankhidwa kwa monoma kuyeneranso kulabadira kukula kwa kawopsedwe ka monoma, kawopsedwe kawo kawopsedwe ndi wamkulu kuposa kawopsedwe ka methacrylate yofananira, monga methyl acrylate kawopsedwe ndi wamkulu kuposa kawopsedwe wa methyl methacrylate, kuwonjezera pa kawopsedwe ka ethyl acrylate. ndi wamkulunso.
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Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-22-2021