Mafuta ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pa chitukuko cha sayansi ndi luso lamakono ku China, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mafuta obwezeretsanso kwakhudzanso makampani aku China.Madzi amafuta amafuta m'dziko lathu akhala akuchulukirachulukira.Momwe mungachepetsere madzi omwe ali nawo wakhalanso vuto lalikulu m'makampani.Tekinoloje yapamwamba yobwezeretsa mafutakugwiritsa ntchito polima monga chonyamulira ndi njira yabwino yothetsera vutoli.Njira imeneyi bwino bwino mchere kukana mafuta ndi kuchepetsa kuwononga chilengedwe.Chifukwa chake, kutukuka kwatsopano kwa ma polima atsopano ndiye chinsinsi cholimbikitsa ukadaulo waku China wofufuza mafuta.
Mawu osakira:polima, ukadaulo wapamwamba wobwezeretsa mafuta, njira yachitukuko, njira yayikulu yofufuzira
Pakalipano, mafuta aku China ali ndi madzi ambiri, ndipo kudalira kwake mafuta akunja kukuwonjezekanso.Mafuta ali ndi udindo waukulu ku China.Choncho, tiyenera kuonetsetsa kuti mafuta akhoza kuonjezera kupanga pamaziko a kupanga kokhazikika komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito motetezeka.Ndilo vuto lofunika kwambiri kuti muchepetse bwino madzi omwe ali mumafuta, ndipo kuchira kwamafuta apamwamba kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito polima monga chonyamulira ndi imodzi mwazinthu zothandiza kwambiri zothetsera vutoli.Pochita izi, polima wamkulu ndipolyacrylamide, zomwe zingayambitse kusakhazikika, kuipitsidwa kwa chilengedwe, kukana mchere wosauka ndi zinthu zina, kotero kuti zinthuzi zayambitsa mavuto aukadaulo omwe amayenera kuthetsedwa panjira yolimbikitsira.Pofuna kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha mafakitale amafuta, kufufuza kwa ma polima atsopano kwakhala ukadaulo wofunikira.
1, Njira yopangira ukadaulo wapamwamba wobwezeretsa mafuta
Tekinoloje yapamwamba yobwezeretsa mafuta yakumana ndi kusintha kwakukulu katatu.Chitukuko choyamba chinali kuyambira 1950 mpaka 1969. Mafuta olemera ankagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makampani a petroleum kuti akwaniritse teknoloji yoyendetsa mafuta a nthunzi, choncho mafuta olemera ankagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.Chitukuko chachiwiri chinali kuyambira 1971 mpaka 1980. Panthawiyo, kusefukira kwa nthunzi inali njira yaikulu, koma kubwezeretsedwa kwa mafuta apamwamba ndi kusefukira kwa mankhwala kunapangidwa mofulumira.Komabe, chitukuko cha kusefukira kwa mankhwala panthawiyo chinali choletsedwa ndi zinthu zambiri zosatsimikizika, monga kukwera mtengo, kuipitsidwa kwakukulu, ndi zina zotero. Chitukuko chachitatu chinayamba mu 1990, ndipo luso la jekeseni wa gasi losakanikirana lapangidwa kwambiri ku China.Ukadaulo uwu uli ndi zabwino zake zotsika mtengo, zogwiritsa ntchito mosiyanasiyana, ndipo zimatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira pakuteteza chilengedwe.
2, ukadaulo watsopano wa polima wapamwamba wobwezeretsa mafuta
Tekinoloje iyi imasonkhanitsa madzimadzi amafuta katatu.Kubwezeretsa mafuta koyambirira kumatanthawuza mphamvu ya nkhokwe pogwiritsira ntchito mafuta;Njira yobwezeretsanso mafuta achiwiri ndikudzaza malo osungiramo mphamvu zoyenda, nthawi zambiri kuwonjezera gasi ndi madzi kumalo osungira;Kubwezeretsa mafuta apamwamba kumagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kuti asinthe magwiridwe antchito a gasi, madzi, mafuta ndi miyala.Pakati pa matekinoloje atatu obwezeretsa mafuta, ukadaulo wachitatu wobwezeretsa mafuta ndiwodziwika komanso wogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri masiku ano.Ukadaulowu umatha kuchira bwino kwambiri kuposa ziwirizi, ukhoza kuchepetsa kudulidwa kwamadzi pamalo opangira mafuta, ndipo ndiye muyeso waukulu wowongolera mafuta ku China.Ma polima atsopano amapezeka m'mapangidwe a maselo, omwe amatha kusintha kukana kwa mchere wa ma polima mamolekyu ndikuwonjezera kuchira kwamafuta.Polima yatsopanoyi yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'minda yayikulu yamafuta ku China, ndipo zotsatira zake ndizofunika kwambiri, zomwe zatsimikiziridwa pochita.Poyerekeza ndiochiritsira polyacrylamide, molekyulu yatsopanoyi ya polima sikuti imangochepetsa mtengo wogwiritsa ntchito, komanso imatha kuteteza chilengedwe ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwamafuta amafuta ndi awiri peresenti, kuwongolera kwambiri kuchuluka kwamafuta.
3, Njira zazikulu zofufuzira zakuchira kwamafuta apamwamba
Choyamba, m'munda wamafuta wamasiku ano, surfactant yokhala ndi mafuta abwino osamuka komanso mtengo wotsika ndiye kalozera wa kafukufukuyu pakupanga ukadaulo wa ternary composite system oil displacement technology.Kuphatikiza apo, kusankha kwa surfactant kumawerengedwa kuti athe kuchepetsa mtengo wa surfactant mu ternary coincidence system.Pakalipano, kafukufuku wamakampani a petroleum ndi kuchepetsa zotsatira zolekanitsa za chromatographic, ndipo mayankho otheka komanso ogwira mtima aperekedwa m'malo osiyanasiyana okhudzana ndi mafuta, zomwe zimapereka maziko olimba a njira yayikulu yofananira.
Chachiwiri, kuti mafuta abwezeretse bwino, kusefukira kwamtundu wa thovu ndiukadaulo wothandiza.Ukadaulo uwu sikuti umangophatikizanso zabwino za kuchira kwamafuta otenthetsera, komanso uli ndi zabwino zakusamuka kwa thovu, komanso kutulutsa mafuta kwa nayitrogeni ndi mpweya woipa, kuwongolera kwambiri kusamuka kwamafuta.
Tekinoloje iyi imatha kulowa bwino m'mipata yaying'ono ndi mabowo omwe sangathe kupezeka ndi ternary composite system kuti achotse madontho otsalira amafuta.Kuyesera koyenera kukuwonetsa kuti chinthu chobwezeretsa mafuta chimasinthidwa bwino ndi kusefukira kwa thovu.Pambuyo jekeseni polima, ndi kutentha kuwonjezeka, thovu gulu kusefukira kumathandizanso kuchira mafuta.Pansi pa kutentha kwakukulu, kuchira kwa mafuta kumatha kufika 16%.
Chachitatu, m'zaka zaposachedwa, kusamutsidwa kwamafuta ang'onoang'ono kwakula kwambiri muukadaulo wapamwamba wobwezeretsa mafuta, ndipo pafupifupi madera onse akuluakulu amafuta achita kafukufuku wofunikira pakusamuka kwamafuta ochepa komanso kubwezeretsa mafuta.Pali malo opitilira 20 oyesa mafuta osasunthika ku China.Komabe, luso lamakono silili langwiro, ndipo mavuto ena aukadaulo akuyenerabe kuthetsedwa, monga kafukufuku wowunika madera achilengedwe.
4. Mavuto
Kugwiritsa ntchito ma polima m'minda yamafuta kumatha kusintha kwambiri kuchuluka kwa mafuta obwezeretsanso motero kumabweretsa phindu lalikulu pazachuma, koma palibe chomwe chili chabwino padziko lapansi.Zotsatirazi ndi zina mwazovuta pakugwiritsa ntchito ma polima:
(1) Kutsekeka kwa mutu
Chofunikira pakuonetsetsa kuti mafuta akuchira ndi polima, zomwe zingachepetse kwambiri kuchuluka kwamafuta m'madzi.Chifukwa cha kusokonezedwa kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana, mphamvu ya jekeseni ya ma polima ena ikakwera ndikuyandikira kupsinjika kwa fracture, kupanikizika kwawo sikukwaniritsa zofunikira, ndipo mphamvu ya jekeseni ikachepa, plugging ya polima imapezeka pachitsime, zomwe zimakhudza mphamvu ya kupanga mafuta.
(2) Kugawa jekeseni ndi zimbudzi
Cholinga chake ndi kuchepetsa mtengo wogwiritsa ntchito kusefukira kwa polima ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito madzi oyera pakusefukira kwa polima.Mpaka pano, kupita patsogolo koyambirira kwachitika pakufufuza kwa jakisoni wa polima ndi zimbudzi zamafuta.Njira yoyamba ndikugwiritsa ntchito mwachindunji zimbudzi zamafuta kuti muchepetse polima wosamva mchere.Pamaso dilution, bakiteriya zodetsa ayenera kuchotsedwa kuonetsetsa kuti mamasukidwe akayendedwe a polima sadzasinthidwa.Njira yachiwiri ndikuwongolera zimbudzi zamafuta kuti madzi ake azikhala ndi mchere wochepa wamchere, kenako ndikuwabaya mu polima.Komabe, kafukufuku wamakono alibe kumvetsetsa kwakuya kwa makina a viscosity okhudza polima, ndipo ndondomeko yokonza polima ndi zimbudzi zamafuta zimafunikira kukhathamiritsa ndi kuwongolera.
5, Mapeto
Ukadaulo wofufuza zapamwamba umaphatikiza matekinoloje apamwamba komanso atsopano mufizikiki, chemistry ndi biology kuti apititse patsogolo ukadaulo wofufuza mafuta.Mu gawo la mafakitale a petroleum,teknoloji yogwiritsira ntchito maphunziro apamwambazochokera polima wafikira ntchito mafakitale ndi lalikulu, amene angapereke amphamvu luso njira masuku pamutu mafuta China.Komabe, ndi kulimbikitsa njira zamakono, mavuto ena omwe amabwera amatipatsa mutu.Mavuto aŵiri amene tawatchula m’nkhaniyi ndi amodzi mwa ambiri mwa mavutowa.Choncho, pamsewu wa katatu kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha migodi, sitingathe kumasuka nthawi iliyonse.Tiyenera kulimbikitsa khama la kafukufuku wa sayansi kuti tithane ndi mavuto akuluakulu, ndi kuthetsa mavuto mu luso la migodi bwino komanso moyenera.
Nthawi yotumiza: Oct-19-2022